![]() In addition, the DNA polymerase toolbox can include a 3′–5′ exonuclease domain whose main role is to proofread new DNA synthesis to remove nucleotides that have been incorrectly incorporated. The discussion underscores how DNA polymerases have a remarkable ability to manipulate DNA strands, sometimes involving relatively large intramolecular movement.Īll DNA polymerases share a common polymerase fold, which has been compared to a human right hand, composed of three subdomains: fingers, palm, and thumb ( Steitz, 1999). This review presents examples of DNA polymerases that carry out nuclease (3ʹ-5′ exonuclease, 5′ nuclease, or end-trimming nuclease) or lyase (5′ dRP lyase) extracurricular activities. In addition to these functions, many DNA polymerases conduct biochemically distinct reactions. Some DNA polymerases can perform translesion DNA synthesis, facilitating damage tolerance and leading to mutagenesis. They function not only in DNA replication, but also in diverse aspects of DNA repair and recombination. 2Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United StatesĭNA polymerases catalyze nucleotidyl transfer, the central reaction in synthesis of DNA polynucleotide chains.1Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Center, Houston, TX, United States.Denisse Carvajal-Maldonado 1 Lea Drogalis Beckham 2 Richard D.
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